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Execution of Roy Mitchell
Roy Mitchell was an African-American from Waco, Texas, who was convicted of six murders, and executed on July 30, 1923. His arrest, trial, conviction and execution are considered an example of continued bigotry in the Texas judicial system of the 1920s, but also of reforms aimed at curbing mob violence and public lynching.〔Bernstein, 2005, pp.185-191〕 Mitchell was the last Texan to be executed in public, and is often described as the last to be legally hanged before the introduction of the electric chair.
==Background==
Waco was a prosperous town in the early 20th century and home to a substantial African-American population, which included a small middle class. Racial tensions in the town were high, and reached a pitch in 1916 with the public lynching of Jesse Washington, who had been accused and summarily convicted of murdering a white woman.〔Bernstein, 2005〕 Following an investigation and the publication of photographs of Washington's lynching by the NAACP, Waco authorities were under political pressure to discourage further instances of mob violence. The next lynching occurred in Waco in 1921, the victim in this case a white man and cripple named Curley Hackney.〔Bernstein, 2005, p.178〕
In 1919 Texas had more lynchings than any state except Georgia. Within the United States, 38 people were lynched in 1917, 64 in 1918, and 83 in 1919; lynchings did not begin to substantially decline until the 1930s.〔Bernstein, 2005, p.173〕 The Ku Klux Klan was especially popular in the early 1920s, with as many as 170,000 members in Texas.〔 In December 1921, Waco and 54th District Judge Richard I. Munroe gave a speech in which he condemned mob violence, declaring that all those who participated in lynching were themselves guilty of murder.〔Bernstein, 2005, p.181〕 Nevertheless, Klan support increased in Waco and throughout Texas in 1922, and another man was lynched in that year.〔Bernstein, 2005, p.182〕
In the Spring of 1922, Waco was beset by hysteria after a number of couples were attacked in public places. Harold Bolton was killed on May 25, and his companion raped. On May 27, a neighbor kidnapped Jesse Thomas, a black service car driver, who was then declared to be Bolton's killer and murdered by local Sam Harris. His body was subsequently mutilated by a mob.〔Bernstein, 2005, pp.184-185.〕 The murder of Thomas did not stop the attacks in Waco.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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